Encryption is the process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access. This process ensures that only authorized parties can decipher and read the information. Essentially, encryption takes plain text, such as a readable email or document, and scrambles it into an unreadable format known as ciphertext. Only those possessing the decryption key can revert the ciphertext back to its original form.

How Encryption Works

Encryption involves two main processes: encryption and decryption. Here’s a basic overview of how these processes work:

Encryption: When data is sent over the internet, it is first converted into ciphertext using an algorithm and an encryption key. This key is a string of characters used in the encryption algorithm to transform the plain text into an unreadable format.

Decryption: Upon reaching its destination, the ciphertext is converted back into its original plain text form using a decryption key. This key is often kept secret and only known to authorized parties.

There are two primary types of encryption used in web security:

Symmetric Encryption: This method uses the same key for both encryption and decryption. While it is faster, the challenge lies in securely sharing the key between parties.

Asymmetric Encryption: This method employs a pair of keys – a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. Asymmetric encryption is more secure but requires more computational resources.

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