1. The Evolution of Communication: 

• Real-time chat apps offer instant communication, bridging geographical distances and enhancing user engagement. 

2. The Role of GraphQL Subscriptions: 

• What are GraphQL Subscriptions? Subscriptions are a way to receive real-time updates from the server whenever specific data changes. 

3. Step 1: Setting Up Your GraphQL Server: 

• Selecting a Server Framework: Choose a framework like Apollo Server to establish your GraphQL server. 
• Enabling Subscriptions: Configure your server to support subscriptions alongside queries and mutations. 

4. Step 2: Defining Your Schema: 

• Create Types: Define GraphQL types for messages, users, and conversations. 
• Subscriptions: Set up a subscription for new messages to enable real-time updates. 

5. Step 3: Implementing Subscriptions: 

• Client-Side: On the client side, use libraries like Apollo Client to handle subscriptions. 
• Subscribe to Updates: Set up a subscription to listen for new messages and update the UI in real-time. 

6. Step 4: Enhancing User Experience: 

• User Presence: Implement indicators to show when users are online or typing. 
• Message Read Status: Display read status indicators for sent messages.